Unreal Madrid: Stupendous art and architecture, amazing culture and incredible food all score highly in the Spanish capital

Madrid has been described as the sunniest, liveliest and highest capital in Europe. It has rightly garnered a fine reputation for the magnificence of its cultural offerings. There is an incredible array of activities and sightseeing opportunities in this Spanish city full of passion and many layers of history. Arrivals are warmly welcomed and those on short stopovers will need to be selective in order to make the most of what is sure to be a memorable visit.

Madrid is a marvellous destination to visit all-year round, but in October, the vibrant cosmopolitan melting pot offers beautiful clear days and eye-catching autumnal colours in the majestic parks. There are also many festivals and events to enjoy during this season. Naturally, a major capital such as Madrid is blessed with a slew of luxury hotels, as well as great historic hostelries with wonderful neoclassical facades, and even transformed century-old palaces with all the modern comforts.

Museum mile

Madrid is teeming with museums and galleries and is considered one of the world’s premier art venues. It boasts a magnificent golden mile of art, the Paseo del Prado, a boulevard lined with important art galleries. In fact, outstanding galleries are dotted throughout the city, allowing visitors to soak up world-class art culture.

One of the most famous is Museo Nacional del Prado, housed in Juan de Vilanueva’s imposing neoclassical building, an architectural masterpiece in its own right. There are many notable works here, including inks by Spanish masters, most notably Goya. Great pieces from Rubens, Rembrandt, Botticelli, Bosch and many others grace the splendid walls.

Goya’s paintings can also be admired on the ceiling of Ermita de San Antonio de la Florida, once a humble hermitage, now a chapel with a resplendent series of frescoes completed under royal orders in 1798. The artist is actually buried here, in front of the altar. More from the great Spanish romantic painter can be seen in Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, a prestigious art school.

Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia displays some of Europe’s finest 20th-century art, and is particularly noted as the home of Picasso’s sensory masterpiece Guernica. Works by Salvador Dali and Joan Miró also act as a magnet for art enthusiasts. An added bonus is that the museum’s glass lifts offer panoramic views of one of Europe’s finest cities.

Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza hangs the works of scores of leading European painters from the 14th century onwards, all nestled within a gorgeous salmon-pink interior colour scheme. Museo Cerralbo contains an astonishingly diverse collection of works and artifacts – paintings, porcelain, sculptures, tapestries, glassware and more – housed within a beautiful palace that offers a glimpse into the life of Spanish aristocracy more than a century ago.

The Essential Paseo del Arte app is designed to help you discover 24 great masterpieces in these museums in an easy and accessible way. It offers a complete tour of the History of Western Art in the heart of Madrid.

From palace to plaza

An elegant and visually uplifting city, Madrid showcases many centuries of architectural grandeur. The changing of the guard at Palacio Real on the first Wednesday of the month (except August and September) is an amazing spectacle and is performed with musical tunes like El Almirante, Doña Francisquita, and España Cañí bellowing out. To put it in historical context, this awe-inspiring spectacle, choreographed to perfection, remains exactly how it was performed in the times of King Alfonso XII and King Alfonso XIII. The uniforms are the same, and a total of 400 people and 100 horses stage this majestic display.

This stunning 18th-century baroque palace of more than 3,400 rooms was built by Felipe V with the intention of dwarfing those of his European counterparts. Great views of this sumptuous royal residence can be obtained through the trees of the northern end of Plaza de Oriente, as well as from the western side, via the ornamental gardens of Campo del Moro.

The district known as Old Madrid has a plethora of must-visit squares. Lined with cafes and traditional restaurants and with an equestrian statue of Felipe II at its centre, Plaza Mayor is steeped in history. Sit and soak up the intoxicating buzz, scale and detail of this majestic heartbeat of Madrid with its slate spires and deep-ochre façades offset by intricate frescoes and fantastic wrought-iron balconies. A vibrant locale to start a night out in Madrid, Plaza de Santa Ana is a centrally located pedestrianised square dotted with monuments and historical importance.

Tapas temperament

One of Europe’s culinary capitals, Madrid has no shortage of great places for foodies to indulge their cravings. Food from all regions of Spain can be sampled here, and eating is considered one of life’s great pleasures. The idea of going out to eat tapas – which can mean eating almost anything – is deeply ingrained in the culture. Madrid’s oldest and perhaps most beautiful market, Mercado de San Miguel, is the perfect place to sample all forms of tapas (from chocolate to caviar) at tables within its stunning 20th-century glass walls.

Local specialities include sopa de ajo (garlic soup) and the hearty stew of cocido madrileña, a kind of noodle broth combining carrots, chickpeas, chicken, blood sausage, beef, lard and perhaps other sausage meat. Roasted meat like cordero lechal asado – spring lamb cooked in a wood-fired oven – and, of course, the country’s famed jamón (cured ham), are also commonly served.

Madrid boasts one of the largest fish markets in the world. Boiled octopus, all manner of shellfish, anchovies, cod and more are favourites, perhaps consumed as a seafood-laden rice dish, something which has been turned into a local art form.

Taverna time

Visiting one of the 100 or so remaining traditional tabernas (taverns) is a must. Each is considered unique, though they share some common distinguishing features – a large clock standing guard over a carved wooden bar that often holds wine flasks cooled by running water, an interior lined with ceramic, and marble table tops. Restaurante Botín, founded in 1725, is thought to be the world’s oldest continuously functioning restaurant. Featuring in books by Hemingway, Forsythe and others, this taberna has excellent roasted meats to enjoy at tables in a vaulted cellar, conjuring up a wonderful ambience. A small, convivial bar of many decades standing, Casa Revuelta serves excellent boneless fried cod.

La Venecia is an old-style bar where Sherry is poured straight from the barrel. A great place to soak up the essence of Madrid, it is just a short walk from Plaza de Santa Ana and simply drips with Spanish history. Spanish-style hot chocolate – thick, dark and strong – has been served at Chocolateria San Ginés since 1894, along with churros (fried dough) for dunking.

Living culture

From a culinary night out to a cultural feast, Teatro Circo Price is the home of avant-garde theatrical performances, while Corral de la Moreria offers the chance to watch superb flamenco dancing and dine on innovative Spanish fare. Café Central draws admirers of jazz. La Noche Boca Arriba, a popular nightclub, proffers great food and great music.

For those who like to shop before sipping Sangria or a Sherry cocktail, designer boutiques can be found in the upmarket Salamanca district, an elegant location hailed as a fashionista’s dream come true.

On 12 October, Spanish National Day, the city will be abuzz with military parades, cultural performances, sporting events, street parties and communal meals. November heralds the Festival de Otoño, a joyous celebration of drama, ballet and opera; the 42nd Madrid Autumn Festival, presenting an outstanding international programme of arts; and the JazzMadrid24, featuring some of the great artists of the genre. Other festivals this autumn include Suma Flamenca, which showcases flamenco in all its enticingly splendid forms.

Pages of Wanders: Undiminished by the digital age, libraries speak volumes about our shared history and thirst for knowledge

Throughout history, libraries have served as centres for learning and debate, powering innovations and movements. The Renaissance saw a surge in libraries as they became hubs for the scholars and thinkers of the day. The modern public library movement, which began in the 19th century, democratised access to information, making education and literature available to all, regardless of socioeconomic status.

Truly, libraries have long stood as bastions of knowledge, history and beauty, and their significance remains unwavering despite an increasingly digital world. However, as we look to the future, the challenge for these edifices lies in adapting to new technologies while maintaining their core values. Innovative libraries are already embracing digital advancements by offering hybrid services that combine physical and digital readings, e-books and online courses.

Moreover, sustainability is becoming a focus, with many libraries advocating eco-friendly practices within their buildings and programming. By prioritising green initiatives, modern-day bibliotheca can serve as model institutions for environmental stewardship.

Today’s bookworms can appreciate libraries not just for their highbrow collections, but also their breathtaking architecture that invites exploration and contemplation. From enchanting monastery libraries to sleek, modern book repositories, these sanctuaries offer unique cultural experiences and stunning aesthetics. Here, we browse around some of the most beautiful and most comprehensive libraries around the globe.

Admont Abbey Library, Austria

Nestled within a Benedictine monastery about 150 kilometres east of Salzburg, the Admont Abbey Library is a stunning example of Baroque architecture. While the original abbey building dates back to 1047, the grand library hall was completed in 1776. Some 70,000 volumes are displayed beneath breathtaking frescoed ceilings. A space for study but also a work of art, this is the largest monastery library in the world, with another 130,000 books stored in the full collection. A place of learning in a region known for its rich cultural and religious heritage, it embodies the spirit of the Enlightenment.

George Peabody Library, Baltimore, USA

Often cited as the most beautiful library in the world, the George Peabody Library in Baltimore features a stunning atrium with five tiers of wrought-iron balconies and Victorian décor. Connected to Johns Hopkins University, it opened in 1878, though the collection of more than 300,000 volumes first stemmed from the founding of the Peabody Institute in 1857. The architectural grandeur and meticulous arrangement of books provide an experience that is both visually captivating and intellectually enriching, fostering lifelong learning and community engagement.

Tianjin Binhai Library, China

A modern marvel, the Tianjin Binhai Library opened in 2017 and has quickly become an architectural icon. Its futuristic design is characterised by undulating white walls that create a flowing, interactive environment. Aptly named The Eye for its luminous sphere that serves as an auditorium, this library aims to inspire creativity and community. With a capacity of 1.2 million books, it is a key part of a splendid cultural centre in Tianjin that promotes literacy and innovation in a rapidly developing urban landscape.

Library of El Escorial, Spain

The Library of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, part of the royal site near Madrid, is a significant historic library founded by Philip II of Spain in the late 16th century. It houses a remarkable collection of manuscripts, texts and maps, many from the Renaissance period. The library’s austere Renaissance architecture contrasts with its rich interior, which echoes the intellectual pursuits of its time and serves as a reminder of the nation’s rich historical legacy.

Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark

The Royal Danish Library combines tradition with contemporary flair. Founded by Frederick III of Denmark in 1648 and expanding with a striking new building at its main site in 1999 – the Black Diamond – it collectively holds millions of books and numerous artifacts. Its location along the Copenhagen waterfront makes it a popular gathering place for both locals and tourists, with space for concerts and exhibitions. The Royal Library champions the idea that accessibility to knowledge is vital, encouraging public engagement through various cultural events.

National Library of Finland, Helsinki

The National Library of Finland is a treasure trove of cultural history; the oldest part of its Helsinki complex was built in 1844, though the library’s roots go back to 1640. This Neoclassical architecture, coupled with modern renovations, creates a harmonious blend of old and new. With a collection numbering more than three million items, it is the oldest and largest library in Finland, playing a crucial role in preserving Finnish literature and culture.

Bodleian Library, Oxford, England

The main research library of the University of Oxford, the Bodleian Library is one of the oldest in Europe. Established in 1602, its stunning Gothic architecture, including the iconic Radcliffe Camera – a science library turned historic reading room – makes it a symbol of scholarly prestige. Housing more than 13 million printed materials, ‘the Bod’ also serves as a cultural heritage site, hosting exhibitions and tours that connect the public with academia. Its ongoing preservation efforts underscore the importance of maintaining libraries in the digital age.

Library of Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

Founded in 1592 in tandem with the university, Trinity College Dublin Library is the largest in Ireland, home to more than six million tomes including the Book of Kells – a masterpiece of medieval art detailing the four gospels of the New Testament. It is also famous for its Long Room, replete with rows of ancient books, a collection of marble busts and a magnificent barrel-vaulted ceiling. Committed to scholarship and public engagement, the library represents an essential intersection of education, history and culture, ensuring that the past remains accessible to future generations.

Beitou Public Library, Taiwan

Built in a Taipei park as Taiwan’s first green library, Beitou Public Library is a shining example of how modern libraries can embrace sustainability and community focus. Opened in 2006, it was built with eco-friendly materials and harmonises with its natural surroundings. The library serves not only as a vital resource for the local community, but also as a model for environmentally conscious architecture. It illustrates the evolving role of libraries as spaces for learning and gathering in a modern context.

Rampur Raza Library, India

The Raza Library in Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, has a collection of 17,000 Indo-Islamic manuscripts and rare texts. A blend of Mughal and European architecture styles symbolising the confluence of cultures, the Rampur Raza Library is crucial for preserving India’s diverse heritage. It emphasises that libraries are pivotal in maintaining the historical narrative of a nation.

Vanishing Whispers: Many thousands of minority languages have fallen silent. Can other last words be saved?

Of the some 7,000 languages currently spoken around the globe, it is estimated about half will cease as everyday spoken vernaculars by the end of this century. Indeed, many languages previously spoken are now no longer in use. Part of the issue is that historically most of the world’s languages have not been written and this intangibility hinders their preservation.

“With each language that disappears, a part of human life goes away with no possibility of return,” says Guiomar Alonso Cano, the Unesco Representative in Peru. “Not only a vehicle of communication is extinguished, but also a culture, a repository of knowledge, a system of thoughts, a way of seeing the world, a system of family relationships and values, and a force of citizenship.”

Unesco’s World Atlas of Languages indicates that about 250 languages have disappeared since 1950 alone. The majority of those in serious danger of vanishing now have less than 100,000 speakers – it is thought about 10,000 people is the minimum required for the intergenerational transmission of a language. Ultimately, this means some 2,500 languages could be lost out of the current international tally.

Power talks

Language shifts have occurred through the ages, with smaller languages often frozen out by those that are politically dominant. Indeed, following the Norman Conquest of England in the 11th century, English was hardly used for official purposes for about 350 years. Scholars suggest the sudden elevation of its status coincided with the rapid development of the written language. Other turning points in supplanting the interloping French lingo include Henry V’s shift to English in his correspondence, and the arrival of England’s first printing press in 1476, which afforded the publication of copious volumes in standard English.

Similarly, the languages of former colonial masters like Dutch in Indonesia and Portuguese in Goa are now hardly discernible as they are no longer perceived to have value.

According to anthropologist Mark Turin, an Associate Professor at the University of British Columbia, minority or local languages tend to fall away by design rather than accident. “They are often steamrollered out of use by government policy, by nationalism, by colonialism,” he says. “There’s a real sense that the cultural processes of complex societies put pressure on local languages in service of global or national languages.”

Turin champions the need to preserve as many languages as possible. “It’s important that we have as good a snapshot of linguistic diversity as we can to get a sense of how different languages express the human condition, what they see in the environment and things around them,” he says. “We also owe it to future generations to have a comprehensive document of the expressive range of human language.”

Silent threats

While pressures on indigenous and minority languages have been weighty for some time, Turin believes a combination of technology and supranationalism is placing them under greater threat. Often the people themselves, while living on together as a community, stop speaking their native tongue. “They shift to another language,” he says. Natural, political or cultural disasters, or even genocide and disease, have historically devastated communities.

The twin but distinct forces of colonialism and capitalism have played a key part in marginalising local languages, according to Turin. Where settler colonialism was at its most pernicious – in places like North America, Australia and New Zealand – indigenous communities were uprooted, relocated or in some cases annihilated. The colonists then introduced an external language through administration and education.

He cites his own country, Canada, which has been widely applauded for its federal commitment to English and French bilingualism, as a prime example. “[This is] great in some ways; at the same time, how curious and perverse that this country celebrates and accords a lot of resources to two languages, neither of which are from here, both of which came from somewhere else.”

Capitalism has not been particularly supportive of minority languages since at its core is the need for a central language to facilitate the free flow of commerce. While most of the world has throughout history spoken more than one language, the utility afforded by an international tongue explains why people start dropping their local language. “Capitalism and colonialism often reinforce the ideology of a single language for all, promoting monolingualism,” notes Turin.

Right to speak

He believes people should not have to fight for the right to speak their own language: “This is a fundamental human right, enshrined by the United Nations and many other organisations.” The UN has shown symbolic and political leadership by introducing an international decade (2022-2032) of Indigenous languages.

Research in Canada has indicated that in areas where local languages are still spoken and cultural continuity is strong, the rate of indigenous youth suicide rate drops to zero. “That’s a really interesting, powerful correlation,” says the anthropologist. “What the causation is, we’re not quite sure.”

Many communities in North America have sought support for the preservation of their indigenous and minority languages, and Turin says a combination of support mechanisms is needed to turn the tide: money and resources, as well as positive public policy and governance, and systems-administration legislation.

Shout-outs of hope

Although many languages remain under threat, extraordinary stories of resurgence, of languages bouncing back against all odds, give some grounds for optimism. The work of Jessie Little Doe Baird, founder of the Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project in the indigenous Wampanoag communities of Massachusetts, in particular, has been singled out for praise. Such was its success in reviving a language which had not been spoken in 150 years that Baird was named in 2020 as one of USA Today’s Women of the Century.

Linguist Daryl Baldwin is also to be commended for his support of the Native American Myaamia people and their language in the Midwest. His focus has been on developing culture- and language-based educational materials to boost the numbers of native speakers in the community.

As Turin has cited, successful language revitalisation programmes need the marriage of money, resources and accommodating public policy. Among the best examples of language uptick are in the US state of Hawaii and among the ethnic Māori of New Zealand. “You can do a PhD in Hawaiian and a PhD in Māori, and defend [a court case] in Māori,” he says, while highlighting the plethora of newspapers, poetry and songs in these local languages.

Other language revitalisation projects across the Himalayas and North America are producing amazing results. “The Mohawk community [in southeastern Canada] has done incredible work, documenting their own language and producing new generations of speakers,” he says.

Voice for change

New technology such as WhatsApp and other forms of audio and video messaging can be hugely powerful in preserving and revitalising minority languages. The availability of podcasts through the radio is another formidable tool. “I’m excited by how minoritised communities and languages are making use of technology in powerful and compelling ways,” says Turin.

Ongoing globalisation and its technical interconnectivity can provide opportunities for languages to flourish. A recent book, Language City by Ross Perlin, co-director of New York-based Endangered Language Alliance, spotlights how globalisation has produced diaspora communities who carry their languages with them when they move and migrate. His organisation has identified about 700 languages spoken in New York and many of these communities resist pressure to stop using their local tongue in a bid to preserve something of their culture.

“There are now, in New York City, more speakers of some languages from northern Nepal than there are in the homeland villages from which they originated,” says Turin, highlighting how languages are highly mobile and can become reanimated in very different areas when a density of people settles there.

Lost Property: Disputed colonial-era treasures long held by museums in the West begin the journey home

From the late 15th century when the Western colonial powers held sway over vast swathes of the world, hordes of precious artefacts were seized as spoils of war or amassed in other ways. Many were sold privately and larger numbers still ended up in the great encyclopaedic museums of Europe.

As territories gained their independence following the Second World, they began to voice a desire for the return of cultural treasures that had been looted, purchased or gifted. Arguments about the legitimate ownership of such heritage pieces are long and complex, but in recent years Western governments and institutions have begun to heed a groundswell of public opinion and make accommodations for some to head back to their original home.

In the UK, the issue is complicated by a law that prohibits national museums from permanently handing over items in their collections. To circumvent this legal hurdle and find common ground, a collaborative approach is required.

Contested marbles

It was reported last year that the British Museum had engaged in talks with Greece over the fate of the Parthenon sculptures. The Elgin Marbles, as they are known in the UK, are perhaps the most famous of the contested colonial artefacts in the museum’s collection. The Parthenon, ancient Athens’ most important temple, sat atop the Acropolis and was decorated with marble statues and a sculpted frieze depicting heroes and gods at a festival in honour of the goddess Athena.

The exact circumstances surrounding permission in 1801 for British ambassador Thomas Bruce, the Earl of Elgin, to remove “some pieces of stone with old inscriptions and figures”, as he put it, have been debated ever since. At a UK parliamentary committee convened in 1816 to investigate the possible purchase of the marbles from Lord Elgin and assess their worth, British sculptor John Flaxman called them “the finest works of art … [and] the most excellent of their kind that I have ever seen”.

Cultural commentators are divided on the issue of important national symbols – as the Parthenon Marbles are to the Greeks – residing in institutions that belong to another country. Many believe there is a strong moral argument for the repatriation of cultural treasures acquired during colonial times. Indeed, in a poll last year, the majority of the British public supported the marbles’ return to Greece in a cultural partnership.

British sociologist Tiffany Jenkins, author of the book Keeping their Marbles, believes the Elgin Marbles perform a valuable service by sitting in the British Museum, where a reported 75% of visitors are from overseas. When viewed there, in context with galleries showing artefacts from the Roman Empire, for instance, it is possible to see the influence the Parthenon had on other cultures.

The Greek government has sought the return of the marbles from Britain for more than 40 years. The remaining Parthenon sculptures reside in a state-of-the-art museum next to the Acropolis, where a place has been reserved for those removed by Elgin. It is thought the Greeks wanted to strike an agreement that would mean masterpieces like the mask of Agamemnon could be shown in the UK for the first time.

Regalia return

The British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) announced details in January of a long-term loan agreement whereby gold and silver regalia from the ancient Asante royal court will be displayed at the Manhyia Palace Museum in Kumasi, Ghana. These artefacts are of cultural, historical and spiritual significance to the Asante people and the announcement was greeted with joy by Ghanaians; many of the objects will be seen in the country for the first time in 150 years. The collaboration follows an official visit to London by the Asantehene (King of Asante) Otumfuo Osei Tutu II in May last year.

“We are delighted to be lending these beautiful and significant cultural objects for display in Kumasi in this the Asantehene’s Silver Jubilee year and the 150th anniversary of the Anglo-Ashanti war, and to be doing so through a collaboration with Manhyia Palace Museum and the V&A,” said Lissant Bolton, Keeper of Africa, Oceania and the Americas at the British Museum.

Items from the British Museum collection include those looted during a later conflict, in 1895-1896, as well as gifts to the museum presented during trade negotiations in the early 19th century. Among them are the Mpomponsuo sword of state and a small gold ornament in the form of a lute-harp (sankuo).

For its part, the V&A is lending 17 objects, including all 13 pieces of Asante royal regalia it acquired at a Garrard auction in 1874. Standouts are a gold peace pipe and three gold soul-washers’ badges (akrafokonmu) that were worn around the necks of court officials responsible for cleansing the king’s soul.

Moot loot

A report commissioned by French President Emmanuel Macron in 2018 called for thousands of African artworks in French museums taken without consent during the colonial period to be returned to the continent. France duly gave back 26 objects to Benin from a collection known as the Abomey Treasures that were looted by French forces in 1892 – including statues, portable altars, palace doors and a throne. The gesture was part of French moves to improve its image in Africa and allow Africans access to their heritage.

Belgium is also making strides to repatriate many items taken during its colonial occupation of the Congo. King Philippe recently handed over a magnificent large wooden mask to Félix Tshisekedi, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Other items are set to follow.

Now scattered in museums in the UK, the US, Germany and elsewhere, the Benin Bronzes are another collection of artefacts whose repatriation in some form have been urged. These superb royal and personal objects crafted from the 16th century onwards at the behest of the court of the Oba (king) in Benin City (in modern-day Nigeria) include elaborately decorated cast plaques, commemorative heads, and animal and human figures.

The 1860 plunder of Yuanmingyuan (the Old Summer Palace) in Beijing left a treasure trove of Chinese art and artefacts in British hands. Years later many were sold at auction houses and found their way into museums. Unesco has estimated that about 1.6 million Chinese relics are in the possession of 47 museums worldwide, including about 1 million looted from Yuanmingyuan. Chinese antiquarians believe more than 10 times that number are in the hands of private collectors. Some of these precious heritage objects are now being bought by wealthy Chinese and returning to China. The fate of the remainder is open to speculation.

India pride

India has been hankering since independence in 1947 for the return of the Koh-i-Noor diamond acquired by Britain during colonial times from the 10-year-old Maharajah of Punjab. Following its arrival in Britain, the Koh-i-Noor was eventually cut by Dutch master craftsmen in perfect symmetry with 33 facets on top and the same number underneath. Widely lauded for its dazzling beauty, the diamond was set in successive royal crowns, most lately that of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. Pakistan has also laid claim to the jewel.

One interesting development, which organisers are hoping will provide a new model for sharing art across borders, is an exhibition at the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya in Mumbai, India of items on long-term loan from the British Museum, the Berlin State Museums and J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles. On display until 1 October 2024, Ancient Sculptures: India, Egypt, Assyria, Greece, Rome brings great works of antiquity from Western museums to an Indian audience and helps shed light on the interconnectivity between religions and cultures since ancient times.

“We see the exhibition as a unique and important educational endeavour that provides our Indian audiences and children with new ways of viewing their own culture as a result of seeing it in relation to other societies and geographies,” said Sabyasachi Mukherjee, director general of the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya, Mumbai, also noting that a high percentage of India’s young people might never have the opportunity to travel and experience the art and culture of other parts of the world.

Palace of Year: One year in, the Hong Kong Palace Museum has forged its own identity as a world-class cultural landmark

Enchanting and enriching 1.3 million visitors in its first year, Hong Kong Palace Museum is an unmissable addition to the Kowloon cityscape. From afar, the grandeur of its distinguished façade draws the eye. Inside its breathtaking space, 12 outstanding exhibitions have held court in as many months, each displaying a wealth of multimedia components, an innovative approach to curating, and a distinctive cultural perspective.

Also Read: Colour Harmony: Andrew Yuen’s Evolution From Boyhood Treasure Hunter To Guardian Of Culture

On the occasion of its first anniversary, the HKPM is well into its stride and looking confidently to the future. Since it opened its doors to the public on 3 July 2022, the museum has cultivated strong partnerships in the areas of academic and cultural exchange, in addition to showcasing some of the finest artefacts from its namesake in Beijing and other significant cultural institutions around the globe. Its presence has strengthened the dialogue between world civilisations and Hong Kong’s status as an East-meets-West cultural hub.

We are delighted to celebrate this important milestone. In the past year, the museum has brought moments of delight and amazement to the viewing public. We would like to express our deep gratitude to the Palace Museum for loaning such precious objects for display in Hong Kong, and to our donours and patrons for their generous donations and support. Kudos must go to our curatorial and operational teams for their professionalism and dedication. The museum has been empowered by the overwhelming support of the general public and visitors from around the world,” says Winnie Tam Wan-chi, Chairman of the Hong Kong Palace Museum Board. “We vow to continue to present exceptional exhibitions and programmes at the HKPM with the aim of promoting Chinese culture to a global audience, in accordance with the National 14th Five-Year Plan to develop Hong Kong into an East-meets-West centre for international cultural exchange.”

Beijing Assistance

The Palace Museum in Beijing, which houses an immense collection of classical Chinese art and artefacts, and the West Kowloon Cultural District joined hands to create the Hong Kong Palace Museum in 2015-16. The cooperation was announced in December 2016 and billed as a gift from the central government to mark the upcoming 20th anniversary of the return of Hong Kong to China.

As a result of the partnership, the Beijing museum lends items to the Hong Kong museum for both long- and short-term exhibitions. For those counting, a total of 914 items from the former’s 1.86-million-strong collection were secured for the HKPM’s inaugural shows.

The loan is the biggest granted by the Beijing institution since its founding in 1925 and features pottery, jade, bronze, costumes, jewellery, paintings, calligraphy and other national treasures – the majority showing in Hong Kong for the first time. The most priceless pieces appear for three months before being returned home to rest in accordance with established exhibition practice.
Hong Kong Exclusive

Despite the connection between the two organisations, the Hong Kong museum has forged its own identity. The HKPM team arranges loans from other esteemed institutions besides the Palace Museum. Upon its opening in July last year – one day later than planned due to a typhoon – more than 100 works borrowed from other museums and institutions in Hong Kong, as well as 13 pieces on loan from the Musée du Louvre in Paris, were invitingly in situ.

Multimedia creations from six local contemporary artists were also presented in its first exhibition, and ongoing efforts have been made to attract young people and foster an understanding of Chinese culture on a global scale.

The HKPM’s 84,000 square feet of exhibition space are spread across nine galleries over the seven-storey building designed by local architect Rocco Yim. Each gallery has a different topic, such as life, architecture, design, or art in the Forbidden City, where its Beijing counterpart is housed.

Now Showing

In the fifth three-month rotation of treasures on loan from the Palace Museum, 51 splendid works will be exhibited in Galleries 1, 2 and 5 until September 2023. Most pieces in this impressive display have not been seen in Hong Kong before and they aptly mark the HKPM’s first-anniversary milestone. They include two Grade One national treasures: a Ming-dynasty ewer resembling a pine tree and a Qing-dynasty brush pot shaped like a Chinese cabbage by renowned bamboo carvers Pu Cheng and Feng Xijue respectively. These extraordinary works headline the must-see show ‘The Quest for Originality: Contemporary Design and Traditional Craft in Dialogue’ in Gallery 5.

A recently acquired scene from The Grand Imperial Wedding of the Guangxu Emperor called “Presenting the Empress’s Investiture Book and Seal at the Hall of Union” is one of the highlights of ‘Entering the Forbidden City: Collection, Architecture and Heritage’, the presentation in Gallery 1. It is joined by the only surviving gold seal of an empress in the Palace Museum collection.

In Gallery 2, ‘From Dawn to Dusk: Life in the Forbidden City’ includes “The Maze”, a print from the Twenty Views of European-style Mansions in the Garden of Perfect Brightness series that showcases the magnificent scenery at Yuanmingyuan Park (the Old Summer Palace). This set of Qing-dynasty prints of the famed imperial garden reflects the integration of European and Chinese painting styles and landscaping features at the time.

A Gift that Keeps on Giving

A portion of China’s imperial treasures is housed at the National Palace Museum in Taipei, having been removed from the mainland during the civil war in the 1940s. The HKPM has been looking into potential collaborations with the Taiwan museum, but due to the latter’s rigorous policies regarding the loan of artworks and artefacts abroad, there are presently no plans to share collections.

However, for the recently minted Director of the HKPM Board, Andrew Yuen, introducing Chinese arts and culture to a wider audience fits his broader vision. “My hope for the Hong Kong Palace Museum still is to be the bridge between the other two ‘Palace-tinians’, between China and Taiwan,” he says.

Alluding to the museum’s genesis as an anniversary present to Hong Kong, Yuen adds: “I hope that Hong Kongers can make time to appreciate our rich Chinese culture. After all, the HKPM is built as a gift for us here in Hong Kong, so we should treasure it and feel special about having such a venue.

“From the moment you step foot in the museum, you will feel its grandeur and importance. This is really one of a kind. The plan, after all, is not to be a branch of the one in Beijing. The Hong Kong Palace Museum is really distinct from its namesake and we plan to keep it that way.”

Ultimately, the Hong Kong Palace Museum is a public venue that aims to incorporate art into everyday life rather than only being a place for those who study art and culture. It goes beyond.

Click here to visit the museum.

Family-Friendly Fun: Discover Asia’s Top Cities for an Epic Vacation

Asia is a continent blessed with diverse cultures, mesmerizing landscapes, and unique experiences that make it an ideal destination for a memorable family trip. Whether you seek thrilling adventures, historical wonders, or simply want to relax on beautiful beaches, Asia has something for every family to enjoy. In this article, we put together the top five destinations in Asia that offer a perfect blend of fun, adventure, and cultural exploration for families of all ages.

Chiang Rai, Thailand

Rarely mentioned as one of Thailand’s tourist destinations, Chiang Rai is undoubtedly an underrated city that locals would recommend you visit for all the hidden gems you can see at this place located on the Northern side of the country. Particularly, the White Temple (Wat Rong Khun), the Blue Temple (Wat Rong Suea Ten) and the Black House Museum (Baan Dam Museum), which are all architectural wonders constructed with such attention to detail, will leave you admiring the building for minutes before you can even enter. There is also the historical Mae Fah Luang Art and Cultural Park which houses a plethora of ancient artifacts ranging from Lanna art to 19th-century mural paintings. Some of the other spots you should visit during the family trip include scenic standouts like Doi Hua Mae Kham, Mae Fa Luang Garden, Singha Park and Doi Chang, which are all spacious enough for the kids to play around and beautiful enough for the grownups to take as many pictures.

Baku, Azerbaijan

Baku is surrounded by a magnificent seaside view and has pleasant weather with the city being windy most of the time – it is literally nicknamed the city of winds. The city is perfect for witnessing both modern skyscrapers and archaic buildings. In fact, you may want to set aside a day just to explore the UNESCO Heritage site Old City (Icherisheher) which has many fascinating places where you can look at the culture and history of different civilizations that go back to the 12th century. A few such areas include The Palace of the Shirvanshahs, The Maiden Tower and The Museum of Miniature Books. Plus, while you are there on your family trip, don’t forget to take some family photos because you cannot ask for a better backdrop than the alleys of this walled city. For something more contemporary, you can take the kids on a fun riverboat ride after sunset and look at the iconic Flame Towers, or if you and your family love to go swimming, you can do that on private beaches surrounded by the Caspian Sea.

Udaipur, India

Ardent travellers often look back at Udaipur as one of the most stunning cities, even comparing it to Rajasthan’s capital city Jaipur and choosing Udaipur as an alternative for its much more peaceful and less bustling presence. Udaipur has an array of marvellous places that you should add to your itinerary like the City Palace, Monsoon Palace, Fateh Sagar Lake, Lake Pichola and more. Aside from these tourist attractions, there are also several exciting activities that you can enjoy as a family such as watching puppet shows at Bharatiya Lok Kala Mandal, rafting in the Gomati River, helicopter rides over the city and many more. You can add more extravagance to your trip by staying at the coveted palace-turned-hotel Taj Lake Palace and devouring a hearty meal at the Jagat Niwas Palace. You should also stop by some nice antique shops where you will surely find something incredible to take back home.

Jeju Islands, South Korea

For families that love partaking in fun activities in the waters and are always fascinated by the many wonders of nature, Jeju Island is certainly a paradise. There is so much you can plan to do here to keep the family trip fun and exciting throughout. You can climb the Seongsan Ilchulbong Volcano; watch performances by women divers who will bring back fresh fish from the sea and cook them right there for you to eat; or visit one of the beaches. Also, the entire family can challenge themselves to find their way out of the human-sized Gimnyeong Maze Park which can apparently take less than five minutes or an hour to complete. Also don’t forget to visit the UNESCO World Natural Heritage Manjanggul Lava Tube, Osulloc Tea Museum and the Aqua Planet.

Malé, Maldives

Another top-class destination for an amusing and luxurious vacation is Malé, an island in the Maldives. It offers a wide selection of hotels, shops and accommodations. There are a couple of family-friendly resorts like the frequently applauded Banyan Tree Vabbinfaru and the Angsana lhuru where your entire family can relax. Simultaneously, if you are looking for something adventurous, you can try surfing, diving, snorkelling and more. Besides, as the capital city of the archipelago situated over the Indian Ocean, you can even book a submarine tour to explore the marine ecosystem there. When you are looking to explore the city, there are places like the Victory Monument, Sultan Park & National Museum, Tsunami Monument and more.

Basque Bonkers – The summer months are when the Basque region goes wild

The Basque Country is steeped in history going back millennia. The people in this little pocket of Europe that overlaps Spain and France are fiercely proud of their distinct culture, and during the summer months, the region explodes into life in a sea of wine, bull and folklore rituals with all-day parties, crazy costumes and cuisine to die for.

These events and festivals act like a magnet, drawing in visitors from all over the world keen to experience a bit of Basque culture. The region is nestled between the Pyrenees and the Atlantic Ocean, and Basque (or Euskara) is spoken, as well as Spanish or French; Euskara is the only remnant of languages that existed before southwestern Europe was Romanised.

The major conurbations of the Southern Basque Country, in Spain, are Bilbao, the destination of most incoming flights, the elegant coastal city of San Sebastian, the Basque capital Vitoria-Gasteiz, and Pamplona. The Northern part, in France, houses the palatial coastal splendour of Biarritz, while Bayonne is famous for its magnificent summer festival.

Basque food is also unique and a rich, almost obsessive, part of local culture, with a reputation as some of the best to be had in Europe. Signature dishes include great surf-and-turf combos, hake stew, lobster salad, vegetable and fish soups and the much-revered sea bream. There is heated rivalry over which part of Basque turns out the best culinary delights.

This competitive spirit is also evident in Basque sports such as pelota, which has been described as the fastest ball game in the world. There are also many herri kirolak (rural sports) competitions involving chopping wood, lifting massive stones, manually drilling holes in rocks and oxcart lifting. These can be seen at many of the summer fiestas in the region.

Festival highs
In graceful Haro, capital of the Rioja Alta wine region, the ‘Battle of Wine’ occurs in late June and is of such repute it has been designated a ‘festival of international tourist interest’. After a mass that is celebrated at the Chapel of San Felices de Bilibio, participants wearing white squirt wine on each other until everyone’s clothes change colour.

About a week later, the most talked-about of the Basque summer festivals kicks off in Pamplona. The Fiesta de San Fermin, popularly known as the Running of the Bulls, takes place every 6-14 July transforming the historic city into a frenzy of strength, speed and colour. Each morning at eight o’clock, six bulls are released onto the narrow, cobbled streets where they rush through a sea of fleeing people wearing white and red scarves around their waists and necks. Their route to the bullring only takes a few minutes, but each year some of the participants will be injured, and occasionally fatally gored. It is common for tourists to try their luck and join in, often as a last-minute act of bravado just before the bulls go past.

From 21-23 July, the bizarre spectacle of Danza de los Zancos (Dance of the Stilts) can be observed in Anguiano. Here, dancers on 5cm-high stilts tiptoe through the sloping, cobbled streets as part of a parade celebrating a pagan ritual. Performers wear colourful clothing with their hidden petticoats providing much-needed balance.

Coastal giants
In the last week of July, the Fêtes de Bayonne commences at the city’s Place de la Mairée when a mascot throws keys from the balcony to the hordes below. This is the largest festival in France, with numerous parades and dances, music galore, giant figures roaming the streets and breathtaking fireworks displays. Tourists are encouraged to join in the fun.

Located at the confluence of two rivers, Bayonne treasures its rich cultural heritage; it was officially recognised as a French ‘Town of Art & History’ in 2012. There is plenty to browse in this city also renowned for its superb chocolate, and regular tours are available in July and August. Just 8km (5 miles) south of Bayonne on the Basque Coast is beautiful Biarritz, which is also worth exploring. Anglet and Hossegor, to the north, offer world-class surfing action, and from 7-10 July, the former’s annual surf film festival draws more sedate crowds to the beaches.

(Read the full interview in the May 2023 issue (pg: 138). Available on the Gafencu app on Android and Apple.)

Crocadu: Kakadu is rich in wildlife and aboriginal cultural history

A crocodile thrashing out of the water to strike its prey is just one of the countless awe-inspiring sights to behold at Kakadu. The huge national park in Australia’s Northern Territory has earned World Heritage status for its amazing natural beauty and a rich Aboriginal cultural history stretching over 50,000 years. There are some of the oldest-known rock paintings in the world, wildlife spotting opportunities galore, fantastic hiking and bushwalking, and superb boat cruises across luscious wetlands as the area protects an entire tropical river system. A crocodile thrashing out of the water to strike its prey is just one of the countless awe-inspiring sights to behold at Kakadu. The huge national park in Australia’s Northern Territory has earned World Heritage status for its amazing natural beauty and a rich Aboriginal cultural history stretching over 50,000 years. There are some of the oldest-known rock paintings in the world, wildlife spotting opportunities galore, fantastic hiking and bushwalking, and superb boat cruises across luscious wetlands as the area protects an entire tropical river system.

The largest national park in Australia, Kakadu lies 150 miles east of Darwin, covers 20,000 sq. km, and is a mosaic of habitats teeming with plants and animals, red 500-foot escarpment cliffs, hidden swimming holes and magnificent views. The best time to visit is the dry season, which runs from May to October. Although some areas are closed due to flooding in the tropical summer, many fantastic sites like Burrungkuy (Nourlangie Rock), Ubirr and the Ngurrungurrudjba (Yellow Water) wetlands can still be accessed wet or dry. Some seasoned visitors suggest Kakadu is at its best during the wet season when the waters are flowing in all their glory and the wetlands are lush and vibrant. A compromise could be to go just at the start of the dry season to get the best of both worlds.

A 10-year master plan to grow culturally appropriate tourism is in full swing and was developed in consultation with Kakadu’s traditional owners, the Bininj/Mungguy people. This has reaped dividends already, including last year’s upgrade of the Cahills Crossing viewing area – one of the best places for crocodile spotting. Here, fearsome beasts reaching up to six metres in length, whose muscular tails can propel their body out of the water for a lunge of deadly effect, are seen in the greatest numbers towards the end of the dry season (August to November).

A must-do for any visit to Kakadu is a sunrise-to-sunset cruise run by the indigenous-owned Yellow Water Cruises that follow the landscape of the Yellow Water Billabong and tributaries of the South Alligator River. A truly majestic experience, this drift across the lotus-covered floodplains provides one of the best bird-watching environments anywhere in the world. There are 300 different species, including blue-winged kookaburras, magpie geese, jabirus, parrots and many others. Catching a glimpse of crocodiles and buffalo on the floodplains is also common.

The park has also gained a global reputation for its concentration of rock art sites, with some paintings dating back 20,000 years. The large rock outcrops and caves of Nourlangie and Ubirr are the most famous, and evidence suggests they have sheltered local tribes for the past 6,000 years. Most of the rock-art styles found in Kakadu are evident on the northern side of Nourlangie Rock. Reflecting the Bininj/Mungguy bond with the land, there are paintings of hunting and fishing, of local animals and human figures, including Algaihgo, the fire woman, who was revered as one of the first people to have created the world.

Read the full interview in the April 2023 issue (pg: 138). Available on the Gafencu app on Android and Apple.

India of Imagination: The most mesmerizing place in the subcontinent is Varanasi

January this year saw the launch of a new luxury river cruise service, one set to ferry high-end tourists to some of the most mystical destinations in India. Fittingly, Varanasi, where the cruise commences, is one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world and, perhaps, the most iconic and memorable location in the whole of India.

To the initiated, it is Kashi, the Luminous – the City of Light said to be founded by Shiva, one of the most significant of all the Hindu deities. Regardless of your religious affiliations, it is a truly magical place and one where, for thousands of years, pilgrims have come to wash away their sins in the River Ganges’ cleansing waters.

In all, around 85 ghats (riverfront steps) line the west bank of the Ganges as it passes through the city, making it a popular choice for both devout Hindus taking an early morning purifying dip and for washer folk to beat their clothes. Among the steps are burning ghats, holy sites where bodies are cremated in public, often watched at a respectful distance by boatloads of mourners. Beyond that, many ghats also have their own historical or ritual significance and lingam, a symbol of divine generative energy.

Overall, the best time to visit is dawn when the early morning sun rays light up the myriad temples and ghats while pilgrims perform puja (prayers). Alternatively, dusk offers an ideal opportunity to watch devotees at worship, with viewing these mesmerising daily rituals from a passing rowing boat one of the quintessential Varanasi experiences.

The city itself has more than 700 temples and is a maze of alleyways, with many day tours available for those who want to take in many of the special sites the city has to offer as possible. Particularly popular are the confined alleyways of The Old City, the most famous attraction being the Vishwanath Temple, the main Shiva sanctuary that features 800g of gold plating on the tower and dome. Non-Hindus can climb surrounding buildings to see the gilded dome. Another busy temple is in the south of the city – the monkey temple – and is home to hordes of red macaques and is dedicated to Durga, an exceptionally fierce goddess.

Varanasi also boasts excellent dining opportunities, including some of the best Indian food around and a wide variety of European dishes. Of particular note is the Darbhanga restaurant, which is set just inside the Brijrama Palace Hotel, a structure with striking architecture along the banks of Darbhanga Ghat. Its most popular dishes include palak chaman (paneer in spinach and spices) and allot chaat (fried pieces of parboiled potato mixed with chickpeas and chopped onions, and garnished with spices and chutney).

For a more informal snack, tucked away in a narrow side alley in the Old City is Blue Lassi, a famous hole-in-the-wall yoghurt shop that has been churning out every kind of gorgeous fruit-filled lassi since 1925. The dairy-intolerant, meanwhile, may prefer the nearby Brown Bread Bakery and its singularly fabulous menu.

Also Read: Indian street food-inspired Chaat opens its doors at the Rosewood Hong Kong

If you’re more fashion-minded than food focussed, you may also want to prioritise a visit to the Mehrotra silk factory. It can be found nestling in the labyrinth of lanes behind Lal Ghat and has built up a fine reputation for selling quality silk at reasonable prices.

As is the case on any visit to India, visitors are reminded to be wary of unscrupulous rickshaw drivers who will ferry you off to some inauthentic lookalike place (where they get a cut of everything you spend) rather than your preferred destination. Be insistent and you should be okay.

These considerations aside, no one who has been to Varanasi ever forgets the sheer spectacle of this stunning site’s worship and devotion to the Hindu gods. For those left wanting more of India after such a magnificent introduction – and, really, who wouldn’t – this could just be the first stopping-off point on a luxury cruise, one where far more wonders may well be yours to explore.

(Text: Neil Dolby)

Read the full version of the article in the March 2023 issue (pg: 128). Available on the Gafencu app on Android and Apple.

Six most expensive local delicacies in Hong Kong

There’s no shortage of fine dining options in Hong Kong. But there’s also a brisk trade in exorbitantly priced delicacies – morsels that carry status by virtue of their scarcity and cost, or boast an impressive list of health benefits. Some of the most prized – and occasionally the downright weird – are put under the griller here.

Cocaine of the Sea

To find high-end fish maw, one need look no further than the many dried seafood outlets on the streets of Hong Kong’s Sheung Wan district. Fish maw is actually the swim bladder, a gas-filled organ located near the gills of fish – providing the buoyancy they need to maintain their depth in water. In truth, you can get a tasty serve of fish maw with a plate of Chinese vegetables and a bowl of steamed rice for under HK$100 at any number of cha chaan tengs dotted around the city – but for fish maw at the very top of the price spectrum, the cost is a good deal higher.

The most expensive fish maw is found in the Gulf of Mexico and is sourced from totoaba – a type of drum fish. Totoaba bladder is, in fact, so valuable it has been nicknamed the ‘cocaine of the sea’. It can reportedly fetch as much as US$129,000 (HK$1.01 million) per kg on the black market. There are, however, a couple of catches. The first is that international trade in totoaba maw is banned. The second is that totoaba is becoming increasingly rare due to overfishing, with grave concerns that it is being hunted to extinction. Fortunately there are plenty of more readily available sources of fish maw on the market if that’s your fancy.

Himalayan Viagra

Caterpillar fungus (a species of Cordyceps), is another in-demand delicacy with an extravagant price tag. It is prized for its aphrodisiac properties – which is why it is commonly referred to as Himalayan Viagra.

The life cycle by which the caterpillar fungus comes into is like something out of a B-grade horror movie, along the lines of The Invasion of the Body Snatchers. Caterpillar fungus is found on the Tibetan Plateau. It is here that it invades the bodies of caterpillars of the Thitarodes moth. The caterpillars are born underground, ingest a kind of fungus, which infects takes over the host’s tissue. These unfortunate caterpillars never metamorphosize. Their bodies are taken over by the caterpillar fungus, which then shoots out hardened plant roots.
In addition to its aphrodisiac properties, the caterpillar fungus is also believed to be a cure-all valued for its power to treat back and knee pains, reduce stress and coughing and even treat anemia by boosting haemaglobin levels – but it’s worth noting that these claims do not have a basis in science.

Especially popular as a Chinese medicine, caterpillar fungus sells for as high as 880,000 RMB (HK$1.03 million) per kg and is usually served up double-boiled in soup for maximum impact. Given the price, you would certainly want to get maximum bang for your buck.

For the Birds

Another very popular dish commonly served up on special occasions in Hong Kong is bird’s nest soup. The key ingredient here is actually the saliva of the a particular species of bird – the swift – which uses its saliva to bind its nest together and is prized for its all-round medicinal benefits, especially to the skin, the lungs and the digestive system. The substance extracted from the abandoned nests are highly expensive due to their rarity and difficulty of retrieval – as the swift nests high up on cliff faces and caves in Malaysia and Indonesia.

Consuming the saliva of another creature may turn off some diners but at least no birds were killed in the process, though the extraction process can be dangerous with those hired to collect the bird’s nest from their precarious resting places. Prices for the precious substance generally starts at around HK$175,000 per kg. As the name suggests, it is usually double-boiled in a soup of gelatinous strands.

Mushroom Madness

Mushrooms are a central part of much of traditional Chinese cooking – and are usually affordably prices and easily purchased in any number of wet markets around Hong Kong. But there are exceptions to this rule. With some mushrooms only available to those ready to part with a fair wad of cash.

The priciest of these exotic fungal delicacies is the Hericium Erinaceus. Also called lion’s mane and/or monkey’s head mushroom due to its characteristics shape, this rare and delicate fungus grows wild in the northeast Chinese province of Heilongjiang. It typically prospers in the trunk or hollow of a hardwood tree in the deep recesses of a forest. The fresh mushroom is more costly than the dried version and weights in at around 350 RMB per 500g, although it’s usually sold in half kilo lots. It is praised for boosting blood circulation and reducing cholesterol.
More expensive still is the matsutake mushroom. Commonly known as the ‘king of fungi’, this mushroom can only thrive in pristine forests free of human influence and grows wild in a number of provinces in northern China. It takes up to five years to grow to fruition and must be picked and consumed within 48 hours – making it a challenge to get it from forest to table.

The dried version is pricier than the fresh version and can fetch up to 2000 RMB per 500g. It usually steamed or served up in a soup but should be cooked at or below 90 degree Celsius to preserve its cancer-fighting properties.

Dried Abalone

Often gracing the tables of special occasion dining in Hong Kong and mainland China. these delicacies are often served up on special occasions. Abalone is a staple at multi-course meals in Chinese restaurants around Asia. Strict controls on the number of licences available push up the price of these tasty – if somewhat rubbery – gastropod mollusks. High in selenium, which is good to boost stamina, abalone can sell for up to HK$35,000 per kg.

Sea Cucumbers

Despite the name, sea cucumbers, are in fact marine animals. These slug-shaped seafloor dwellers were once popular at banquets in China but have fallen somewhat out of fashion in recent years. Although they can still fetch a price as high as 20,000 RMB per kg, driven up by how long these critters take to mature. It is believed that the recovery of post-operative patients can be speeded up eating braised sea cucumber in porridge.